tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51884716658373453802023-11-15T20:05:04.300+01:00My banknotesOn this blog you can see my banknotes collection. I have more than 900 banknotes from cca 130 countries.Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.comBlogger437125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-88711661487237295992015-11-16T10:56:00.003+01:002015-11-16T10:56:57.681+01:00Burundi 500, 1000 and 2000 francs, 2015 (Purchase from eBay)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5uaKIhO9Ir0/Vkmn6BcIHRI/AAAAAAAAM5c/wEr0DbFQ0s8/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5uaKIhO9Ir0/Vkmn6BcIHRI/AAAAAAAAM5c/wEr0DbFQ0s8/s320/a.jpg" width="227" /></a></div>
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<em>500 francs - <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Crocodile, arms, flag, coffee branch</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="font-size: small;">1000 francs - <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Bird, arms, flag, cattle</span></span></em></div>
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<em><span style="font-size: small;">2000 francs - <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Antelope, arms, flag, pineapple</span></span></em></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Fwg9Q9LSS6o/Vkmn6WulE_I/AAAAAAAAM5g/uiXKtArwkmM/s1600/b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Fwg9Q9LSS6o/Vkmn6WulE_I/AAAAAAAAM5g/uiXKtArwkmM/s320/b.jpg" width="223" /></a></div>
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<em>500 francs - Outline of Burundi, boat on Lake Tanganiyka</em></div>
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<em><span style="font-size: small;">1000 francs - Outline of Burundi, banana trees</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="font-size: small;">2000 francs - Outline of Burundi, fieldwork</span></em></div>
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<br />Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-2491654133458891252015-11-16T10:51:00.001+01:002015-11-16T10:51:13.019+01:00Nicaragua NEW 10, 20 and 50 cordobas, 2015 (Purchase from eBay)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hx5_kIElLec/VkmmFJXiSuI/AAAAAAAAM5I/Tms1vszbiMA/s1600/s-l1600.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Hx5_kIElLec/VkmmFJXiSuI/AAAAAAAAM5I/Tms1vszbiMA/s320/s-l1600.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
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<em>10 cordobas - Puerto Salvador Allende, Managua</em></div>
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<em>20 cordobas - Moravian church, Laguna de Perlas </em></div>
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<em>50 cordobas - Artisan Market, Masaya</em></div>
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<em>10 cordobas - La Vaquita (Patron Saint festivities of Managua)</em></div>
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<em>20 cordobas - Mayo Ya Festival</em></div>
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<em>50 cordobas - Folkloristic ballet</em></div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-6843372392969600632015-10-21T09:51:00.004+02:002015-10-21T09:51:45.246+02:00French Pacific Territories 1000 francs (Swap with Jerome Deschamps, France)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MS2AXTXlTao/VidD7bVQuTI/AAAAAAAAM3s/p9hwsvgK1Zk/s1600/FPY0002-sig12r.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MS2AXTXlTao/VidD7bVQuTI/AAAAAAAAM3s/p9hwsvgK1Zk/s320/FPY0002-sig12r.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Mt3ZCpK-pQE/VidD6w1m49I/AAAAAAAAM3o/nQz0tU6mkLs/s1600/FPY0002-sig12o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Mt3ZCpK-pQE/VidD6w1m49I/AAAAAAAAM3o/nQz0tU6mkLs/s320/FPY0002-sig12o.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-52581733317100275912015-10-21T09:46:00.003+02:002015-10-21T09:46:26.291+02:00Singapore 50 dollars, 2015 (Thanks to Seung Young Oh, South Korea)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jLgasIEU-4o/VidCiQ_7QQI/AAAAAAAAM3Y/QCXiqjZtPsA/s1600/SINW2015-050-2commo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jLgasIEU-4o/VidCiQ_7QQI/AAAAAAAAM3Y/QCXiqjZtPsA/s320/SINW2015-050-2commo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i>Lee Kuan Yew (Singapore’s first Prime Minister, shouting “Merdeka!” – the cry of independence struggle)
children, arms, President Yusof bin Ishak
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MejaXlXD9AU/VidCiQ3FStI/AAAAAAAAM3c/kiHX16ZjwFM/s1600/SINW2015-050-2commr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MejaXlXD9AU/VidCiQ3FStI/AAAAAAAAM3c/kiHX16ZjwFM/s320/SINW2015-050-2commr.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i>Modern buildings, bridge and four kayaks in Punggol New Town
soldiers marching during First National Day Parade 1966</i></div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-42168133367352256112015-10-21T09:43:00.000+02:002015-10-21T09:43:02.421+02:00Singapore 10 dollars "50 years of Nation building", 2015 (Thanks to Seung Young Oh, South Korea)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-59vD3gDp4PU/VidA7jSA6LI/AAAAAAAAM2g/9113pwZDQ-c/s1600/SINW2015-0010-1commo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-59vD3gDp4PU/VidA7jSA6LI/AAAAAAAAM2g/9113pwZDQ-c/s320/SINW2015-0010-1commo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Tun Yusof bin Ishak</b> (Jawi: يوسف بن اسحاق ;/ˈjʊsɒf bɪn ˈɪs.hɑːk/ YUUSS-off bin ISS-hahk; DUT (First Class), SMN 12 August 1910 – 23 November 1970) was a Singaporean politician and was the first President of Singapore, serving from 1965 to 1970. His portrait appears on the Singapore Portrait Series currency notes introduced in 1999.<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H0eLaikIJpQ/VidA7zoWfWI/AAAAAAAAM2k/6XUnx_lLxV8/s1600/SINW2015-0010-1commr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H0eLaikIJpQ/VidA7zoWfWI/AAAAAAAAM2k/6XUnx_lLxV8/s320/SINW2015-0010-1commr.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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"Caring Community, Active Citizenry" </div>
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women and man with shovel planting tree; man and woman visiting elderly woman; women with rollers and man with brush painting walls and window trim </div>
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"Strong Families" </div>
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man reading book to child; man, woman and child riding tandem bicycle; family seated with 50th Anniversary cake; man and woman fixing epaulettes on soldier’s uniform </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-j7iQMfHGC7E/VidA8STiNmI/AAAAAAAAM28/rP1wihAZLno/s1600/SINW2015-0010-3commr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-j7iQMfHGC7E/VidA8STiNmI/AAAAAAAAM28/rP1wihAZLno/s320/SINW2015-0010-3commr.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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"Safe and Secure" </div>
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Citizens consulting brochure with police officers; soldier with binoculars; soldier with clenched hand over heart; woman carrying duffle bag; pilot in flight suit; firefighter with walkie talkie; fighter jets </div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QwZDSMbUfag/VidA8nVb-yI/AAAAAAAAM24/7nQrh90rPPw/s1600/SINW2015-0010-4commr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QwZDSMbUfag/VidA8nVb-yI/AAAAAAAAM24/7nQrh90rPPw/s320/SINW2015-0010-4commr.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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"Regardless of race, language or religion ..." </div>
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boys and girls </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ap1XbIn-1Jg/VidA8205X2I/AAAAAAAAM20/rniuFtVIf-4/s1600/SINW2015-0010-5commr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ap1XbIn-1Jg/VidA8205X2I/AAAAAAAAM20/rniuFtVIf-4/s320/SINW2015-0010-5commr.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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"Opportunities for All" </div>
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soccer coach and players; construction worker with blueprint; dancer; scientist with beakers and test tubes; chef wearing toque stirring wok, boy in wheelchair and girls; financial trader with keyboard and stock charts on monitors; teacher pointing to Singapore on globe</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-31251200629992971592015-09-10T12:51:00.000+02:002015-09-10T12:51:31.472+02:00Fantasy issues for swap<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HnDUqBN4M-0/VfFgOiEaL2I/AAAAAAAAMz8/0LPkL0OLsq0/s1600/andorra-2pesetas-2014-back.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HnDUqBN4M-0/VfFgOiEaL2I/AAAAAAAAMz8/0LPkL0OLsq0/s320/andorra-2pesetas-2014-back.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-32466894778704268652015-04-16T09:52:00.000+02:002015-04-16T09:52:06.758+02:00Portugal 2.000 escudo 2000 (Swap with Raul Loureiro, Portugal!)<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fFpCxwgk-xA/VS9pZo5KHdI/AAAAAAAAMx8/YWrVGIEbSAg/s1600/POR0189do.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-fFpCxwgk-xA/VS9pZo5KHdI/AAAAAAAAMx8/YWrVGIEbSAg/s320/POR0189do.jpg" /></a><br />
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<b>Bartolomeu Dias</b> <i>(c. 1451 – 29 May 1500)</i>, a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, reaching the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first European known to have done so. </div>
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Bartolomeu Dias was a Knight of the royal court, superintendent of the royal warehouses, and sailing-master of the man-of-war, São Cristóvão (Saint Christopher). King John II of Portugal appointed him, on 10 October 1487, to head an expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa in the hope of finding a trade route to India. Dias was also charged with searching for the lands ruled by Prester John, who was a fabled Christian priest and ruler.</div>
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Dias' ship São Cristóvão was piloted by Pêro de Alenquer. A second caravel, the São Pantaleão, was commanded by João Infante and piloted by Álvaro Martins. Dias' brother Pêro Dias was the captain of the square-rigged support ship with João de Santiago as pilot. The expedition sailed south along the West coast of Africa. Extra provisions were picked up on the way at the Portuguese fortress of São Jorge de Mina on the Gold Coast. After having sailed past Angola, Dias reached the Golfo da Conceicão (Walvis Bay) by December. Continuing south, he discovered first Angra dos Ilheus, being hit, then, by a violent storm. Thirteen days later, from the open ocean, he searched the coast again to the east, discovering and using the westerlies winds - the ocean gyre, but finding just ocean. Having rounded the Cape of Good Hope at a considerable distance to the west and southwest, he turned towards the east, and taking advantage of the winds of Antarctica that blow strongly in the South Atlantic, he sailed northeast. After 30 days without seeing land, he entered what he named Aguada de São Brás (Bay of Saint Blaise)—later renamed Mossel Bay—on 4 February 1488. Dias's expedition reached its furthest point on 12 March 1488 when they anchored at Kwaaihoek, near the mouth of the Bushman's River, where a padrão—the Padrão de São Gregório—was erected before turning back. Dias wanted to continue sailing to India, but he was forced to turn back when his crew refused to go further. It was only on the return voyage that he actually discovered the Cape of Good Hope, in May 1488. Dias returned to Lisbon in December of that year, after an absence of sixteen months.[citation needed]
The discovery of the passage around southern Africa was significant because, for the first time, Europeans realized they could trade directly with India and the other parts of Asia, bypassing the overland route through the Middle East, with its expensive middlemen. The official report of the expedition has been lost.[citation needed]
Bartolomeu Dias originally named the Cape of Good Hope the "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). It was later renamed (by King John II of Portugal) the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because it represented the opening of a route to the east. </div>
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After these early attempts, the Portuguese took a decade-long break from Indian Ocean exploration. During that hiatus, it is likely that they received valuable information from a secret agent, Pêro da Covilhã, who had been sent overland to India and returned with reports useful to their navigators.Using his experience with explorative travel, Dias helped in the construction of the São Gabriel and its sister ship, the São Rafael that were used by Vasco da Gama to circumnavigate the Cape of Good Hope and continue the route to India. Dias only participated in the first leg of Gama's voyage, until the Cape Verde Islands. He was then one of the captains of the second Indian expedition, headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral. This flotilla first reached the coast of Brazil, landing there in 1500, and then continued eastwards to India. Dias perished near the Cape of Good Hope that he presciently had named Cape of Storms. Four ships encountered a huge storm off the cape and were lost, including Dias', on 29 May 1500. A shipwreck found in 2008 by the Namdeb Diamond Corporation off Namibia was at first thought to be Dias' ship; however, recovered coins come from a later time.</div>
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Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-25647249792401651352015-04-16T09:47:00.004+02:002015-04-16T09:47:44.657+02:00Portugal 1.000 escudo 2000<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8V50qFHxlY0/VS9onB7K8pI/AAAAAAAAMxs/2Qmma4Gjp-Y/s1600/POR0188do.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8V50qFHxlY0/VS9onB7K8pI/AAAAAAAAMxs/2Qmma4Gjp-Y/s320/POR0188do.jpg" /></a><br />
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<b>Pedro Álvares Cabral</b> <i>(c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520)</i> was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil. Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life are unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly opened route around Africa. The object of the undertaking was to return with valuable spices and to establish trade relations in India—bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.</div>
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His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India. </div>
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A storm in the southern Atlantic caused the loss of several ships, and the six remaining ships eventually rendezvoused in the Mozambique Channel before proceeding to Calicut in India. Cabral was originally successful in negotiating trading rights, but Arab merchants saw Portugal's venture as a threat to their monopoly and stirred up an attack by both Muslims and Hindus on the Portuguese entrepôt. The Portuguese sustained many casualties and their facilities were destroyed. Cabral took vengeance by looting and burning the Arab fleet and then bombarded the city in retaliation for its ruler having failed to explain the unexpected attack. From Calicut the expedition sailed to the Kingdom of Cochin, another Indian city-state, where Cabral befriended its ruler and loaded his ships with coveted spices before returning to Europe. Despite the loss of human lives and ships, Cabral's voyage was deemed a success upon his return to Portugal. The extraordinary profits resulting from the sale of the spices bolstered the Portuguese Crown's finances and helped lay the foundation of a Portuguese Empire that would stretch from the Americas to the Far East.</div>
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Cabral was later passed over, possibly as a result of a quarrel with Manuel I, when a new fleet was assembled to establish a more robust presence in India. Having lost favor with the King, he retired to a private life of which few records survive. His accomplishments slipped mostly into obscurity for more than 300 years. Decades after Brazil's independence from Portugal in the 19th century, Cabral's reputation began to be rehabilitated by Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Historians have long argued whether Cabral was Brazil's discoverer, and whether the discovery was accidental or intentional. The first question has been settled by the observation that the few, cursory encounters by explorers before him were barely noticed at the time and contributed nothing to the future development and history of the land which would become Brazil, the sole Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas. On the second question, no definite consensus has been formed, and the intentional discovery hypothesis lacks solid proof. Nevertheless, although he was overshadowed by contemporary explorers, Cabral today is regarded as a major figure of the Age of Discovery.</div>
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<b>João de Barros</b> <i>(1496 – 20 October 1570)</i>, called the Portuguese Livy, is one of the first great Portuguese historians, most famous for his Décadas da Ásia ("Decades of Asia"), a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa. </div>
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Educated in the palace of Manuel I of Portugal, he composed, at the age of twenty, a romance of chivalry, the Chronicle of the Emperor Clarimundo, in which he is said to have had the assistance of Prince John (afterwards King John III). Upon ascending the throne, he awarded Barros the captaincy of the fortress of St George of Elmina, to which he proceeded in 1522. In 1525, he obtained the post of treasurer of the India House, which he held until 1528. </div>
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To escape from an outbreak of bubonic plague in 1530 Barros moved from Lisbon to his country house near Pombal, where he finished a moral dialogue, Rho pica Pneuma, which was cheered by Juan Luís Vives. On his return to Lisbon in 1532 the king appointed Barros factor (agent) of the "Casa da Índia e da Mina" (House of India and Mina)— a position of great responsibility and importance at a time when Lisbon was the European center for the trade of the East. Barros proved a good administrator, displaying great industry and an honesty rare at the time, with the result that he made little profit compared to his predecessors, who had amassed fortunes. </div>
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At this time, John III, wishing to attract settlers to Brazil, divided it into captaincies and attributed to Barros that of Maranhão. Barros with two partners, prepared an armada of ten vessels, carrying nine hundred men each, which set sail in 1539.
Owing to the ignorance of the pilots, the whole fleet was shipwrecked, which entailed serious financial loss to Barros. As a gesture of goodwill, Barros subsequently paid the debts of those who had perished in the expedition.
During these years he had continued his studies in his leisure hours, and shortly after the Brazilian disaster he offered to write a history of the Portuguese in India, the Décadas da Ásia, which the king accepted. He began work forthwith, but, before printing the first part, he published a Portuguese grammar (1539)[1] and some further moral Dialogues. </div>
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The first of the Décadas da Ásia ("Decades of Asia") appeared in 1552, and its reception was such that the king straightway charged Barros to write a chronicle of King Manuel. His many occupations, however, prevented him from undertaking this book, which was finally composed by Damião de Góis. The second Decade came out in 1553 and the third in 1563, but the fourth and final one was not published until 1615, long after the author’s death.
His Decades contain the early history of the Portuguese in India and Asia and reveal careful study of Eastern historians and geographers, as well as of the records of his own country. They are distinguished by clearness of exposition and orderly arrangement. They are also lively accounts, for example describing the king of Viantana's killing of the Portuguese ambassadors to Malacca with boiling water and then throwing their bodies to the dogs.
Diogo de Couto continued the Décadas, adding nine more, and a modern edition of the whole appeared in Lisbon in 14 vols. in 1778—1788 as Da Asia de João de Barros, dos feitos que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento e conquista dos mares e terras do Oriente. The edition is accompanied by a volume containing a life of Barros by the historian Manoel Severim de Faria and a copious index of all the Decades.
In January 1568 Barros retired from his remunerative appointment at the India House, receiving the rank of fidalgo together with a pension and other pecuniary emoluments from King Sebastian, and died on 20 October 1570.</div>
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<b>Brynjólfur Sveinsson</b><i> (14 September 1605 – 5 August 1675)</i> served as the Lutheran Bishop of the see of Skálholt in Iceland. His main influence has been on modern knowledge of Old Norse literature. Brynjólfur is also known for his support of the career of the Icelandic poet and hymn writer Hallgrímur Pétursson. Brynjólfur Sveinsson is currently pictured on the Icelandic 1000 krónur bill.</div>
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Brynjólfur Sveinsson was born in Önundarfjörður in the Westfjords of northwestern Iceland. He studied at the University of Copenhagen 1624-1629 and became Provost of Roskilde University 1632-1638. In 1643, he named the collection of Old Norse mythological and heroic poems Edda. Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr fróði, but the scholarly consensus is that whoever wrote the Eddic poems, whether in the sense of being the compiler or the poet, it could not have been Sæmundr. It is believed that the manuscript has multiple authorship from over a long span of time. </div>
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In 1650 King Frederick the Third appointed Bishop Brynjólfur to succeed the late Stephanius as Royal Danish Historian. He declined the post but promised the king to do what he could to collect manuscripts in Iceland. One of his first acts was to request all people residing in his diocese to turn over to the King any old manuscripts, either an original or a copy, as a gift or for a price. </div>
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Among the most monumental of the Icelandic manuscripts thus collected is the Flateyjarbók, which was secured only after a personal visit to the owner from Brynjólfur. Jon Finnsson (Jóni Finnssyni) of Flatey, Breiðafjörður, who owned the manuscript, was initially unwilling to give up his precious heirloom. After a personal visit and persuasion from Bishop Brynjólfur, Finnsson gave up the valuable manuscript. The manuscript was given to King Frederick III in 1656, and placed in the Royal Library of Copenhagen.</div>
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<b>Karl Landsteiner</b> <i>(June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943)</i>, was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood, and having identified, with Alexander S. Wiener, the Rhesus factor, in 1937, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient′s life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus, in 1909. In 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was awarded a Lasker Award in 1946 posthumously and is recognised as the father of transfusion medicine.</div>
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<br />Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-12891609574661721432013-08-27T09:18:00.003+02:002013-08-27T09:18:26.029+02:00Scotland 5 pounds, 2005 (P#365) Swap with Linda Mullen, Canada!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Sir Ilay Campbell, Lord Succoth FRSE</b> (1734–1823) was a Scottish advocate, judge and politician.
An advocate from 1757, he was engaged in the Douglas peerage case from 1764 to 1769. He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland in 1783 and Lord Advocate in 1784. </div>
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He became Member of Parliament for Glasgow Burghs in the same year. He was Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General from 1789 to 1808, where he sat as Lord Succoth.
On his resignation in 1808, he was created a baronet, and resided at Garscube, about four miles from Glasgow on the banks of the river Kelvin. There he engaged in the management of his estate, and the performance of his duties as a country gentleman. </div>
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Lord Cockburn says of him that "he lived like a patriarch in a house overflowing with company, beloved by troops of relations, and courted for his character and hospitality by many friends." He was Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow in 1799, and died in 1823 aged eighty-nine years.
Sir Ilay was succeeded by his son Archibald, also a Senator of the College of Justice under the title of Lord Succoth, who died in 1846. </div>
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<b>Jack William Nicklaus</b><i> (born January 21, 1940</i>), nicknamed "The Golden Bear", is an American professional golfer. He is widely regarded as the most accomplished professional golfer of all time, winning a total of 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second place and 9 third place finishes in them, over a span of 25 years. Nicklaus focused on the major championships (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list.</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-47176317998499100512013-08-27T09:11:00.001+02:002013-08-27T09:11:21.918+02:00Ireland 5 pounds 1998 (P-75)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>The Venerable Mother Catherine Elizabeth McAuley</b> <i>(29 September 1778, - 11 November 1841)</i>, was an Irish nun, who founded the Sisters of Mercy in 1831. The Order has always been associated with teaching, especially in Ireland, where the nuns taught Catholics (and at times Protestants) at a time when education was mainly reserved for members of the established Church of Ireland. </div>
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<b>The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital</b> is a major teaching hospital, based at Eccles Street, Phibsboro, on the northside of Dublin, Ireland. <i>Mater misericordiae</i> means "mother of mercy", in Latin. </div>
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The hospital stands next to the Children's Hospital, and has provided public hospital care to adult patients for more than 150 years. It was established by the Sisters of Mercy as a Roman Catholic voluntary hospital within the health system of Ireland.
It is associated with the National University of Ireland, University College Dublin and provides national tertiary care in many branches of medicine.
The first endoscope was used in the Mater. The hospital is mentioned by Buck Mulligan in James Joyce's Ulysses. </div>
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The Mater Hospital is a tertiary referral centre for cardiothoracic surgery as well as housing the National Spinal injuries unit. It also houses the national heart and lung transplant programme. The National Pulmonary Hypertension Unit is also the leading centre in this area in Ireland. It also is a major centre for cardiology offering the only 24 hour, 365 days per year interventional cardiology service in the country. It is also expected to be the first public hospital in Ireland to offer percutaneous heart valve replacement in the coming weeks. It offers regional dermatology and ophthalmology service. As well as nephrology, neurology, respiratory medicine, endocrinology and diabetology, GI medicine and hepatology and infectious diseases, which contains a new multi million euro negative pressure ventilation ward to house the national bioterrorism unit. </div>
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<br />Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-63613964682896163562013-06-10T11:37:00.003+02:002013-06-10T11:37:42.014+02:00Germany FR 10 mark, P#38, 1999 /Thanks to Linda Mullen, Canada)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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A <b>sextant</b> is an instrument used to measure the angle between any two visible objects. Its primary use is to determine the angle between a celestial object and the horizon which is known as the object's altitude. Making this measurement is known as sighting the object, shooting the object, or taking a sight and it is an essential part of celestial navigation. The angle, and the time when it was measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical or aeronautical chart. Common uses of the sextant include sighting the sun at solar noon and sighting Polaris at night, to find one's latitude (in northern latitudes). Sighting the height of a landmark can give a measure of distance off and, held horizontally, a sextant can measure angles between objects for a position on a chart. A sextant can also be used to measure the lunar distance between the moon and another celestial object (e.g., star, planet) in order to determine Greenwich time which is important because it can then be used to determine the longitude. </div>
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The scale of a sextant has a length of ⅙ of a turn (60°); hence the sextant's name (sextāns, -antis is the Latin word for "one sixth"). An octant is a similar device with a shorter scale (⅛ turn, or 45°), whereas a quintant (⅕ turn, or 72°) and a quadrant (¼ turn, or 90°) have longer scales. </div>
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Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727) invented the principle of the doubly reflecting navigation instrument (a reflecting quadrant—see Octant (instrument)), but never published it. Two men independently developed the octant around 1730: John Hadley (1682–1744), an English mathematician, and Thomas Godfrey (1704–1749), a glazier in Philadelphia. John Bird made the first sextant in 1757. The octant and later the sextant, replaced the Davis quadrant as the main instrument for navigation. </div>
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<b>Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß</b> (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.
Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum (Latin, "the Prince of Mathematicians" or "the foremost of mathematicians") and "greatest mathematician since antiquity", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians. He referred to mathematics as "the queen of sciences".</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-75940779742806939442013-06-10T11:31:00.002+02:002013-06-10T11:31:33.307+02:00Cyprus 5 lira, P#58, 2005 (Thanks Vasilis Vasiliadis, Cyprus)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Peristerona</b> is a large village about 32 kilometres west of the capital Nicosia, on the foothills of the Troodos Mountain range in the Morphou basin. It is built on the west bank of the river that bears the same name, which is a tributary of the river Serrachis, at an average altitude of 250 meters.
The population by the 2001 census was 2,173. It is primarily an agricultural village producing citrus-fruit vegetables, cereals olives and almonds. The name Peristerona derives from the Greek word for dove or pigeon (peristeri).
The church, St. Barnabas and Hilarion Church, has five domes on the roof arranged in the shape of a cross, a feature only seen on one other church in the island.
Of note is that there are two further villages with the same name in Cyprus one in the district of Paphos and one in Famagusta.</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-18155176835749225922013-06-10T11:28:00.002+02:002013-06-10T11:28:50.354+02:00Cyprus 10 lira, P#62, 2005 (Thanks Vasilis Vasiliadis, Cyprus)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Artemis</b> was one of the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities. Her Roman equivalent is Diana. Some scholars believe that the name, and indeed the goddess herself, was originally pre-Greek. Homer refers to her as Artemis Agrotera, Potnia Theron: "Artemis of the wildland, Mistress of Animals". </div>
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The Arcadians believed she was the daughter of Demeter.
In the classical period of Greek mythology, Artemis was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo. She was the Hellenic goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and protector of young girls, bringing and relieving disease in women; she often was depicted as a huntress carrying a bow and arrows. The deer and the cypress were sacred to her. In later Hellenistic times, she even assumed the ancient role of Eileithyia in aiding childbirth. </div>
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There are a number of Passeriformes (perching birds) called <b>warblers</b>. They are not necessarily closely related to one another, but share some characteristics, such as being fairly small, vocal, and insectivorous.
They are mostly brownish or dull greenish in color. They tend to be more easily heard than seen. Identification can be difficult and may be made on the basis of song alone. To English-speaking Europeans, warblers are the archetypal "LBJs" </div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-84086134734301806672013-06-10T11:23:00.001+02:002013-06-10T11:23:24.019+02:00Bulgaria 5 leva, 2009 (Thanks to Stefan, Bulgaria)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Ivan Milev Lalev</b> (18 February 1897 – 25 January 1927) was a Bulgarian painter and scenographer regarded as the founder of the Bulgarian Secession and a representative of Bulgarian modernism, combining symbolism, Art Nouveau and expressionism in his work. </div>
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Ivan Milev was born in the town of Kazanlak in the family of shepherd Milyu Lalev. In 1917-1918, he fought as a soldier in World War I. On 18 November 1918, the same year that he finished high school in his hometown, he arranged an exhibition in Kazanlak. For two years he was a teacher in Gorski Izvor, Haskovo Province. In 1920, he was admitted to the National Academy of Arts in Sofia, where he studied under Prof. Stefan Badzhov, and had three one-man exhibitions. </div>
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He also contributed to the communist comic magazine Red Laughter (Червен смях, Cherven smyah) as an illustrator and cartoonist.
In the summer of 1923, he visited Turkey, Greece and Italy with a group of fellow students. He was introduced to the achievements of the Italian Renaissance and the Italian Baroque in Rome, Naples, Florence and Venice. In 1926, he graduated in set decoration from the National Academy and worked for the Ivan Vazov National Theatre as a stage designer. Afterwards he became an independent freelance painter and illustrator and he also painted frescoes. With a group of colleagues he took part in the Shipka Memorial design competition, but came second. </div>
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Generally living in poverty, Milev had a brief 18-month marriage to opera singer Katya Naumova; their daughter Mariya Mileva eventually became an architect. Milev died of influenza in Sofia on 25 January 1927, shortly before his thirtieth birthday.
Regarded as one of the great masters of distemper and watercolour painting in Bulgarian art, Milev often created socially loaded works. His characteristic decorative style was much influenced by the European Secession, but it was also related to Bulgarian folk art and icon painting. Milev's paintings are exhibited in the National Art Gallery, Sofia Art Gallery, the Shumen, Kazanlak and other cities' galleries. </div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-46701454623981626892013-03-18T09:53:00.001+01:002013-03-18T09:53:39.604+01:00Fiji 20 dollars, 2013<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EecCJBmuPd4/UUbT37rC66I/AAAAAAAAMjY/WnkJ2exJOmI/s1600/FIJW2012-020o.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EecCJBmuPd4/UUbT37rC66I/AAAAAAAAMjY/WnkJ2exJOmI/s320/FIJW2012-020o.jpg" /></a> </div>
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<b>Storm petrels</b> are seabirds in the family <i>Hydrobatidae</i>, part of the order <i>Procellariiformes</i>. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
Storm petrels have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in all oceans. They are strictly pelagic, coming to land only when breeding. </div>
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In the case of most species, little is known of their behaviour and distribution at sea, where they can be hard to find and harder to identify. They are colonial nesters, displaying strong philopatry to their natal colonies and nesting sites. Most species nest in crevices or burrows and all but one species attend the breeding colonies nocturnally. Pairs form long-term monogamous bonds and share incubation and chick feeding duties. Like many species of seabird, nesting is highly protracted with incubation taking up to 50 days and fledging another 70 days after that. </div>
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Several species of storm petrel are threatened by human activities. One species, the Guadalupe Storm Petrel, is thought to have gone extinct; the New Zealand Storm Petrel was presumed extinct until rediscovered in 2003. The principal threats to storm petrels are introduced species, particularly mammals, in their breeding colonies; many storm petrels habitually nest on isolated mammal-free islands and are unable to cope with predators like rats and feral cats. </div>
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<b>Nabukelevu</b> is a volcano located on the southwest portion of Kadavu Island in Fiji. It is 805 metres tall, and last erupted around 1660. It has formed lava dome<b>.</b>
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Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-45720333857309721492013-03-18T09:21:00.002+01:002013-03-18T09:21:30.071+01:00Fiji 5 dollars, 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VgAn-_S2gTQ/UUbMXjB3aYI/AAAAAAAAMi0/9tnhQX2SEag/s1600/FIJW2012-005o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VgAn-_S2gTQ/UUbMXjB3aYI/AAAAAAAAMi0/9tnhQX2SEag/s320/FIJW2012-005o.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Parrots</b>, also known as psittacines are birds of the roughly 372 species in 86 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: <i>the Psittacoidea</i> ('true' parrots), <i>the Cacatuoidea </i>(cockatoos) and <i>the Strigopoidea</i> (New Zealand parrots). Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere as well. </div>
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The greatest diversity of parrots is found in South America and Australasia.
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. The plumage of cockatoos ranges from mostly white to mostly black, with a mobile crest of feathers on the tops of their heads. </div>
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Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism. They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length.
The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds and other plant material. A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits. </div>
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Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.
Parrots, along with ravens, crows, jays and magpies, are among the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species to imitate human voices enhances their popularity as pets. Trapping wild parrots for the pet trade, as well as hunting, habitat loss and competition from invasive species, has diminished wild populations, with parrots being subjected to more exploitation than any other group of birds. Measures taken to conserve the habitats of some high-profile charismatic species have also protected many of the less charismatic species living in the same ecosystems.</div>
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<b>The Fiji crested iguana</b> <i>(Brachylophus vitiensis)</i> is a critically endangered species of iguana native to some of the northwestern islands of the Fijiian archipelago, where it is found in dry forest. </div>
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The Fiji crested iguana is a large stocky lizard distinguished from the Fiji banded iguana by the presence of three narrow, cream to white colored bands on males, rather than the broader bluish bands of the latter species. These whitish bands often have chevrons of black scales close to them. <i>Brachylophus vitiensis</i> is distinguished by its larger size growing to 76 centimetres in length and weighing as much as 300 grams . It is further distinguished by the presence of a taller spiny "crest" on its back with spines as long as 1.5 centimetres running from the nape of the neck to the base of its tail, and its ability to rapidly change color from green to black when aroused. It uses this ability when threatened. Along with turning black it opens its mouth and lunges at its attacker. </div>
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When Fiji crested iguanas first hatch from their eggs they are dark green, but after several hours their skin becomes bright emerald green and narrow white bands can be seen along their body.
Their eyes are reddish orange or pinkish gold in color.
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Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-72923599544687247332013-03-18T09:08:00.000+01:002013-03-18T09:08:09.313+01:00Malaysia 20 ringgit, 2011 (Thanks to Madan Singh, Malaysia)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Colonel Paduka Sri Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad</b>, GCMG (24 August 1895 – 1 April 1960) was the first Supreme Head of State (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) of the Federation of Malaya, eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti and second Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan.</div>
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<b>The hawksbill sea turtle</b> <i>(Eretmochelys imbricata)</i> is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in its genus. The species has a worldwide distribution, with Atlantic and Pacific subspecies. E. i. imbricata is the Atlantic subspecies, while E. i. bissa is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
The hawksbill's appearance is similar to that of other marine turtles. </div>
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It has a generally flattened body shape, a protective carapace, and flipper-like arms, adapted for swimming in the open ocean. E. imbricata is easily distinguished from other sea turtles by its sharp, curving beak with prominent tomium, and the saw-like appearance of its shell margins. Hawksbill shells slightly change colors, depending on water temperature. </div>
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While this turtle lives part of its life in the open ocean, it spends more time in shallow lagoons and coral reefs.
Human fishing practices threaten E. imbricata populations with extinction. The World Conservation Union classifies the hawksbill as critically endangered. Hawksbill shells are the primary source of tortoiseshell material used for decorative purposes. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species outlaws the capture and trade of hawksbill sea turtles and products derived from them.</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-14537958473427796342013-01-28T08:37:00.002+01:002013-01-28T08:37:40.642+01:00Morocco 25 dirham, 2012 (Swap with Hicham Bey, Morocco)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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With the issuance of the new Moroccan 25-dirham (US$3), <a href="http://www.bkam.ma/" rel="self">Bank al Maghrib</a>,
Morocco's central bank, has become the first in the world to issue a
banknote printed on Durasafe. The front of the banknote features an
intaglio vignette and a watermark of King Mohammed VI, and a
magenta/green color-shift security thread developed by Fortress Optical
Features. The thread, like the watermark, is embedded inside the
banknote yet visible behind a one-sided Viewsafe polymer window. It also
has a fully transparent polymer window embossed with the King's royal
crest. The back of the note carries a print vignette commemorating 25
years of banknote printing at the Moroccan State Printing Works, Dar As
Sikkah.<br /><br />The windows in Durasafe are formed by die cutting each
side of the three layer composite substrate separately. One-sided
Viewsafe windows give a clear view inside the substrate where the thread
and the watermark of King Mohammed VI are protected, but fully visible
behind the polymer core. The transparent Thrusafe window is created by
die-cutting both the outer paperlayers to reveal only the transparent
polymer core.</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-51317415534450116892012-11-27T08:53:00.003+01:002012-11-27T08:53:30.750+01:00Malta 2 liri, 1994 (P#45)<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-evBrRos9hac/ULRwV22dfcI/AAAAAAAAMhY/e5xOfeJkoAA/s1600/2%2Bliri.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="387" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-evBrRos9hac/ULRwV22dfcI/AAAAAAAAMhY/e5xOfeJkoAA/s400/2%2Bliri.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b><i>A woman holding a rudder, symbolising Malta in control of her own destiny, 3 doves symbolising peace, United Nations Emblem, the Central Bank of Malta Coat-of-Arms, mosaic designs from the period of Roman presence in Malta. </i></b></div>
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<b><i>The Banka Guratali at Mdina and at Rabat, Gozo. </i></b><br />
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<b>Mdina</b>, Città Vecchia, or Città Notabile, is the old capital of Malta. Mdina is a medieval walled town situated on a hill in the centre of the island. Punic remains uncovered beyond the city’s walls suggest the importance of the general region to Malta’s Phoenician settlers. Mdina is commonly called the "Silent City" by natives and visitors. The town is still confined within its walls, and has a population of just over three hundred, but it is contiguous with the village of Rabat, which takes its name from the Arabic word for suburb, and has a population of over 11,000.</div>
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<b>Rabat</b> (or <b>Ir-Rabat</b>) is a village just outside Mdina, Malta. The name of the village is derived from the Arabic word for 'suburb': الرباط, as it was the suburb of the old capital Mdina. Half of the present-day village core also formed part of the Roman city of Melita, before the latter was resized during the Fatimid occupation. The population of Rabat is 7,064 as of March 2011. The village shares a name with the capital of Morocco. The Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See to the Republic of Malta is seated in this village. The Local Council of Rabat is also the administrator of Baħrija. Parts of the film Munich and Black Eagle were shot in Rabat.</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-48066739698636639562012-11-08T10:19:00.001+01:002012-11-08T10:21:07.080+01:00New Zealand 50 dollars (P#188b)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>The Kōkako</b> <i>(Callaeas cinereus)</i> is a forest bird which is endemic to New Zealand. It is slate-grey with wattles and a black mask. It is one of three species of New Zealand Wattlebird, the other two being the endangered Tieke (saddleback) and the extinct Huia. Previously widespread, Kōkako populations throughout New Zealand have been decimated by the predations of mammalian invasive species such as possums, stoats, cats and rats and their range has contracted significantly. There were formerly two sub-species of Kōkako, North Island and South Island, although the South Island subspecies may now be extinct. In the past this bird was called the New Zealand Crow even though it is not a crow at all, but looks like one from a distance.
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<b>Sir Apirana Turupa Ngata</b> (3 July 1874 – 14 July 1950) was a prominent New Zealand politician and lawyer. He has often been described as the foremost Māori politician to have ever served in Parliament, and is also known for his work in promoting and protecting Māori culture and language.</div>
Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-12853318305144231082012-11-08T10:16:00.001+01:002012-11-08T10:16:10.888+01:00New Zealand 20 dollars (P#187b)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>The New Zealand Falcon</b> or <b>Kārearea</b> <i>(Falco novaeseelandiae)</i> is New Zealand's only endemic falcon and the only remaining bird of prey endemic to New Zealand. Other common names for the bird are Bush Hawk and Sparrow Hawk. It is frequently mistaken for the larger and more common Swamp Harrier.</div>
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A member of the Falconidae bird family, the New Zealand Falcon is mainly found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the South Island and is rarely seen north of a line through the central area of the North Island. A small population also breeds on the Auckland Islands; the species is known only from the Chatham Islands from fossil remains. Although protected since 1970, it is considered to be a vulnerable species. </div>
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Ornithologists variously described the New Zealand Falcon as an aberrant hobby or as allied to three South American species <i>(F. deiroleucus, F. rufigularis and F. femoralis)</i>; however studies of feather proteins suggest a close tie with the Australian Brown Falcon.
It differs from the much larger Swamp Harrier, (or Kāhu), which is common throughout New Zealand, in that it catches other birds on the wing, and seldom eats carrion. An aggressive bird that displays great violence when defending its territory, the New Zealand Falcon has been reported to attack dogs as well as people. </div>
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With a wingspan of about 45 cm and weight rarely exceeding 450g, the New Zealand Falcon is slightly over half the size of the Swamp Harrier, which it usually attacks on sight. The male is about two thirds the weight of the female.
The New Zealand Falcon nests in a scrape in grassy soil or humus in various locations: under a rock on a steep slope or on a rock ledge, among epiphytic plants on a tree branch, or under a log or branch on the ground, making the two or three eggs that they lay vulnerable to predators such as stray cats, stoats, weasels, possum, and wild dogs.
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<b>Elizabeth II</b> (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states (known as the Commonwealth realms) and their territories and dependencies, as well as head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is Supreme Governor of the Church of England and, in some of her realms, carries the title of Defender of the Faith as part of her full title.Rangohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02007669462991387493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5188471665837345380.post-18341609423562854942012-11-08T10:11:00.001+01:002012-11-08T10:11:16.259+01:00New Zealand 10 dollars (P#186b)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>The Blue Duck</b> <i>(Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) </i>is a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae endemic to New Zealand. It is the only member of the genus Hymenolaimus, placed in the shelduck subfamily <i>Tadorninae</i> after previously being considered part of the paraphyletic "perching duck" assemblage. The Māori name, sometimes used in English, is whio, which is an onomatopoetic rendition of the males' call.
The Blue Duck is a dark slate-grey with a chestnut-flecked breast and a paler bill and eye. The pinkish-white bill has fleshy flaps of skin hanging from the sides of its tip. The male's call is an aspirated whistle, and the female's is a rattling growl. The Blue Duck is born with a green beak for just 8 hours after birth; where it then develops to its final colour.
This species is an endemic resident breeder in New Zealand, nesting in hollow logs, small caves and other sheltered spots. It is a rare duck, holding territories on fast flowing mountain rivers. It is a powerful swimmer even in strong currents, but is reluctant to fly. It is difficult to find, but not particularly wary when located.</div>
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<b>Katherine Wilson Sheppard </b>(10 March 1847 – 13 July 1934) was the most prominent member of New Zealand's women's suffrage movement, and is the country's most famous suffragette. She also appears on the NZ ten dollar note. Because New Zealand was the first country to introduce universal suffrage, Sheppard's work had a considerable impact on women's suffrage movements in other countries.</div>
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